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--- evening_bell_chant_鐘偈陀 [2025/05/30 16:23] – marullus
+++ evening_bell_chant_鐘偈陀 [2025/05/31 21:04] (current) – marullus
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 ==== "Evening" Bell Chant 鐘偈陀 ====
-^IR (("IR" = informal romanization; "HJ" = "Hanja"; "HG" = "Hangul"; "RR" = "Revised Romanization"; "EL" = "English Literal"; "EP" = "English Paraphrase)) ^HJ ^HG ^RR ^EL ^EP^
+^IR (("IR" = informal romanization; "HJ" = "Hanja"; "HG" = "Hangul"; "RR" = "Revised Romanization"; "EL" = "English Literal"; "EP" = "English Paraphrase; **Also see [[Glossary|Glossary]]**)) ^HJ ^HG ^RR ^EL ^EP^
-| mun jong-song | 聞 鐘 聲 | 문 종 **성** | mun jong **seong** ((RR is shown in bold when it differs from IR)) | listen bell sound |
+| mun jong-song | 聞 鐘 聲 | 문 종 **성** | mun jong **seong**((RR is shown in bold when it differs from IR)) | listen (聞) bell (鐘) sound (聲) | Hearing the sound of the bell|
-| bon-ne dan | 煩 惱 斷 | 번 뇌 단 | **beon noe** dan | vexed angered eliminate | |
+| bon-ne dan | 煩 惱 斷 | 번 뇌 단 | **beon noe** dan | vexation (煩) anger (惱) eliminate (斷) | The afflictions((The two character combination 煩惱 is the Chinese translation of the Sanskrit kleśa, which is often translated to English as "affliction".)) are eliminated |
-| ji-hye hang | 智 慧 長 | 지 혜 장 | ji hye jang | knowing intelligence increase | |
+| ji-hye hang | 智 慧 長 | 지 혜 장 | ji hye jang | knowing (智) intelligence (慧) increase (長)| Prajñā((The two character combination 智慧 is one way of translating the Sanskrit prajñā.)) increases|
-| bo-ri saeng | 菩 提 生 | 보 리 생 | bo ri saeng | bodhi thrives | |
+| bo-ri saeng | 菩 提 生 | 보 리 생 | bo ri saeng | bodhi (菩提)  thrives (生) |Bodhicitta((The two character combination 菩提 is the Chinese transliteration of the Sanskrit //bodhi//, and here I think it can be taken as short for "bodhi mind", that is, Bodhicitta.)) thrives|
-| i-ji ok | 離 地 獄 | 이 지 옥 | i ji ok | leave earth prison | |
+| i-ji ok | 離 地 獄 | 이 지 옥 | i ji ok | leave (離) earth (地) prison (獄) | We escape from hell((The two character combination 地獄 is the Chinese translation of the Sanskrit //naraka//, which is translated to English as either "Hell" or "Purgatory", the latter of which is somewhat more accurate since, at least in Buddhism, one does not stay in "naraka" forever (although one might imagine that it feels like forever).)) |
-| chul sam-gye | 出 三 界 | 출 삼 계 | chul sam gye | leave three worlds | |
+| chul sam-gye | 出 三 界 | 출 삼 계 | chul sam gye  | exit (出) three (三) worlds (界) | and leave all of Samsara((The two character combination 三界 (sam gye) is one of the ways of referring to Samsara in Chinese. In particular, 三界 includes the most pleasant parts of Samsara. Whereas the previous verse only refers to escaping from the worst parts of Samsara (represented by 地獄, ji-ok, "Hell", but including also the Hungry Ghost and Animal realms, as well as the more unfortunate types of human rebirth) this verse refers to abandoning even the "good parts" of Samsara.)) behind |
-| won song-bul | 願 成 佛 | 원 성 불 | won **seong** bul | vow become buddha | |
+| won song-bul | 願 成 佛 | 원 성 불 | won **seong** bul | aspire (願) accomplish (成) buddha (佛) |We vow to become Buddhas |
-| do jung-saeng | 度 衆 生 | 도 중 생 | do jung saeng | save everyone born | |
+| do jung-saeng | 度 衆 生 | 도 중 생 | do jung saeng | save (度) everything (衆) born (生) |in order to save all sentient beings |
-| pa ji-ok jin-on| 破 地 獄 眞 言 | 파 지 옥 진 언 | pa ji ok jin **eon** | shatter earth prison true words |The Mantra (眞言) of Shattering (破) Hell (地獄)|
+| pa ji-ok jin-on| 破 地 獄 眞 言 | 파 지 옥 진 언 | pa ji ok jin **eon** | shatter (破) earth prison true (眞) words (言) |The Mantra (眞言((The two character combination 眞言, jin-eon, which literally means "true words", is one of the Chinese translations of the Sanskrit //mantra//.)) ) of Shattering  Hell|
-| om ga-ra ji-ya sa-ba-ha | 唵 伽 囉 帝 耶 娑 婆 訶 | | |
+| om ga-ra ji-ya sa-ba-ha | 唵 伽 囉 帝 耶 娑 婆 訶 | 옴 가 라 지 야 사 바 하| om ga ra ji ya sa ba ha| |
+**NOTE:** The earliest known source for this chant, dating from the 17th century, clearly states "**In the morning and dusk**, when walking, standing, sitting or sleeping, as soon as you hear the sound of the bell, recite this verse." See Master Duti's "Essential Vinaya for Daily Use" in [[Invaluable Resources|Invaluable Resources]]